A data acquisition system (DAS) is a centralized tool that measures the readings from numerous devices, sometimes even hundreds of test points, simultaneously. As the measurement instrument captures readings, it coordinates the inputs and outputs of connected waveform generators, power supplies, loads, and other instruments, creating real-world scenarios.

DAS’s are incredibly valuable for automated testing processes, ensuring the coordination of numerous instruments while simulating real-world behaviors. Without them, the process of capturing and testing data would be too labor-intensive and expensive. DAQ’s collect and analyze data at an exceptional rate, providing users with real-time, valuable insights to improve decision-making.

What Is a Data Acquisition System?

A DAS connects data acquisition software to measurement devices, sensors, computers, or other instruments. The system can acquire, store, visualize, and process data in a way specific to the task at hand. Various types of data acquisition systems exist. Some are handheld devices that can capture information such as temperature, while others are multi-thousand-channel systems, often requiring several racks to capture far more data points. All are designed to handle specific applications, generally understanding either the physical or electrical conditions of the testing environment.

Components of a DAQ System

These systems use several components that work together:

• Sensors, including accelerometer sensors
• Signal conditioning
• Analog-to-digital converters
• DAQ software (generally on a computer or other device) for data logging and analysis

Data travels from the sensor to the DAQ device and then to the computer for interpretation. These systems rely on highly accurate sensors designed specifically to capture the desired information, such as voltage, current, temperature, strain, pressure, or weight.

Breaking Down the Functionality of the DAQ System Components

Consider the following elements that make up the chain of components in a DAQ:

Sensors

Sensors or transducers measure physical phenomena, such as the level of a sound source or vibration. They are ubiquitous in everyday life. Older examples could include the thermometer tucked into the refrigerator. Newer systems are far more accurate and provide precise information. Types of sensors include:

• Load cells: Weight and load management
• LVDT sensors: Measure displacement in distance
• Microphones: Measure sound
• Accelerometers: Measure vibration and shock
• Strain gauges: Measure strain on an object, such as tension, pressure, or force

Signal Conditioners

These components take the sensor’s output and prepare it to be sampled in digital form. This is where data is analyzed. Each signal conditioning circuitry is established based on the type of normalization it must provide for the sensor output to ensure fidelity.

Data Acquisition Hardware

A variety of hardware components work for these systems. They capture, condition, and then digitize signals from the sensors. Examples include:

• Standalone data loggers
• Modular systems
• PC-based systems
• Wireless solutions

Data Acquisition Software

With all this data in hand, software is necessary to apply that information to the task. Some solutions offer better analysis of intricate details, while others create exceptional visuals. The software selected must also meet the project’s objectives and have a user interface that is effective and compatible with existing systems.

Types of Data Acquisition Systems

These systems come in various forms, such as:

• Form Factor: This includes computer-connected modular and standalone systems.
• Distribution: Modularity and interoperability of the acquisition nodes.
• IP Environmental Protections: Includes those able to withstand shock or vibration.
• Speed: How fast they operate.

Applications of DAQ Systems

These easy-to-use solutions are versatile enough to fit virtually any need. Examples include:

• Acoustics
• Power analysis and power quality
• Vibration analysis
• Structural dynamics
• Sound quality
• Vehicle dynamics testing
• Orbit analysis
• Fatigue testing

These are just a handful of the possible applications. Solutions exist for aerospace, forestry, food, automation, and industry.

Choosing the Right DAQ System

Various factors must go into the selection process, including:

• Scalability: Can the system grow with you?
• Application Sensitivity: How much sensitivity is possible?
• Accuracy and Speed: A combination of both factors is necessary.
• Details: Environmental conditions, channel count, and sampling rate.

Choosing the right solution requires careful consideration of accuracy and budget, balancing ease of use with the integration of new systems, and ensuring a solid ROI.

Finding the Right Solution for Your Needs

At Durham Instruments, you will find the quantitative measuring tools you need, including robust DAQ’s that fit your specific application. Learn more about our specific application options and contact us for additional support.